A dualizmus kori főispánok nyugdíjképessége és a közigazgatási gyakorlat

Absztrakt

This study explores the retirement practices of lord-lieutenants (főispán) at the helm of counties during the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy, and the changes brought about by the acknowledgment of their retirement eligibility. Although it gradually turned into a state administration position, the status of lord-lieutenants remained ambiguous for nearly two decades after the Compromise of 1867, during which former officeholders were not entitled to state pensions. Recognizing their pension eligibility marked an important step in transforming the dignitary role into an administrative office. Pensions were regulated by the 1885 Pension Act (Act XI of 1885) and Act XXI of 1886. These laws provided important support for preserving the living standards (at least partially) of those with modest means or no wealth. However, due to vague legal definitions, the ministry often played a decisive role in its interpretation. In disputed cases, decisions followed cabinet precedents or cabinet council statements, which could vary from one administration or minister to another. While these resolutions were influenced by both objective and subjective factors, they adhered to the legal framework. Other considerations were cited only in discretionary cases, and within strict limits. Such ex gratia decisions were typically granted to individuals with distinguished careers, those who had demonstrated “merit” in other positions, or those whose prior entitlements were officially acknowledged at the time of appointment. Connections or proven financial hardship improved the applicant’s chances. However, financial constraints often took precedence over considerations of equity.