A nyugdíj – kegytől a jogig (1600-1790)
Absztrakt
Before the pension system appeared in the 16th century in Hungary, the grant of land or food proved to be sufficient support for living. This was uncodified common law. In the 16–17th centuries this was modified for occasional donations of money (Gratiale), which became regular with the growing number of personnel in the official machinery and general, though not all at once, in the 18th century. In this respect, the oldest Hungarian dicasterium, the Hungarian Royal Chamber, the centre of financial matters was first. The other main aspect was that while the propertied were bearing the offices, only the poor received support. Types of pension were pension on the own right, widow’s or orphan’s pension. While in the beginning these were given by individual judgement, in the course of the century it became general, covering all systems of profession, but the least referring to the judicial posts occupied by good landowners. The council of the governor-general (since 1724) and the Royal Chancellery (reorganized in 1960) provided over the most developed systems of pension. In the beginning only the poor who occupied leading posts, later the entire administrative profession, finally the dependents also become pensionable. Maria Theresa driven by human sympathy, later Joseph crown prince (who became Kaiser Joseph II.) institutionalised the pension system, so that from the 1780’s specialized literature testifies the systematisation of the pension which spreads from the royal public functionaries to the private economy and finally, in the 20th century to supporting the entire society.