Újabb adatok a honi középiskolások dualizmuskori nemzetiségi összetételéről, 1882-1915

Absztrakt

Data on mother tongue, hitherto exclusively used in studies concerning the national recruitment of pupils, largely distort the real proportions of ethnic groups attending Hungarian secondary schools in the Dual Monarchy. New sources relative to linguistic competence (mono- and bilingualism) help to estimate the evolution of the presence of various nationalities in gymnasiums and Realschulen, once the power relations of the assimilationist nation state are taken into account. Magyars proper appear to be systematically under-represented among pupils (especially at the beginning), remaining a qualified minority throughout the period studied. Jewish over-representation, on the contrary, proved to be general and ever-growing, particularly as compared to the size of age groups concerned. Germans were also over-represented in the beginning but tended formally to lose some weight in the student body due to assimilation. Other non Magyars (Romanians, Slovakians, Serbians and Ruthenians above all) were under-represented, but still made up significant proportions of school clienteles. On the whole, non Magyars clearly dominated the would-be educated elites of the Hungarian nation state, among them Christians surpassing Jews in numbers, in spite of the latters marked drive for over-schooling.