A lakás normatív modelljeinek változása 1890–1940 között a nemzetközi és a magyar építészetben.

Absztrakt

The study examines the evolution of normative models of modern housing in Hungary and abroad from the perspective of the history of ideas and the history of architecture from the 1890s until the outbreak of the Second World War. It begins with a brief discussion of the social and cultural criteria of modern homes, with special attention to the English influence on Central Europe and Hermann Muthesius and Adolf Loos as its major transmitters. This is followed by a detailed account of the flourishing of the movement and modernist architecture in the 1920s, which also brought questions of residential architecture into the limelight. The discussion includes an introduction to the groundbreaking and influential thought of Le Corbusier, as well as the 1927 program of the Stuttgart Weissenhofsiedlung and the concept and reception of its completed buildings. At the core of these initiatives was the idea of creating rationally organised small flats, built of modern materials and structure, and equipped with modern infrastructure, household appliances and machines. There was an increasing demand for creating standards, patents and industrial-scale production. The second half of the study is devoted to the Hungarian architectural scene in this period. The development of modern architecture and homes is analysed in articles published in the influential Tér és Forma journal, especially the writing and architectural work of the editor Virgil Bierbauer, as well as two other eminent architects and writers of architecture, Farkas Molnár and Lajos Kozma.