The study explores how the attitude towards the Ottoman period has evolved in the territory of present-day Croatia. It is a well-known fact that the areas south of the Drava were affected by the Ottoman conquest more drastically and for longer than, for example, the Kingdom of Hungary. From the middle of the fifteenth century onwards, attacks were constant, and the Ottoman Empire’s proximity was acutely felt until the dismantling of the military frontier in 1881. It is also widely known that southern Slavs, including Croats, often entered Ottoman service, and many of their villages became Islamized, leading to the construction of several Muslim religious buildings in the region. In this respect, one might expect that Croatia would have many mosques and baths and a somewhat positive perception of the Ottoman era. However, with the exception of Đakovo and Klis, hardly any Muslim architectural monuments have survived in modern Croatia. They have been systematically demolished or converted and using them for their original function has never been considered. Croatian historical memory has not cultivated a positive image of the Ottoman period: it is still largely predominated by strong anti-Ottoman attitudes. The aim of the present study is to explore the reasons behind this distinctive phenomenon.